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retrospectively reported abuse could be biased by current mental health. In particular, recall may be imprecise on the temporal sequence of events, for chronicity and severity, and may also be vulnerable to bias, e.g. There are several potential shortcomings of retrospectively reported (i.e. To date, although some child abuse research is based on prospective measures, much of the research relies on retrospective report. Child abuse is not uncommon : globally, approximately 36% of children are estimated to have been psychologically abused and 23% physically abused. Additionally, abuse is associated with lower educational achievement and increased risk of financial and employment-related difficulties. Findings suggest retrospectively reported child abuse is not biased by depression in adulthood.Ībuse in childhood has been linked to several poor health and socioeconomic outcomes throughout the life-course, including poorer emotional and physical health as well as inflammation and pre-mature mortality. In a population cohort, adult retrospective report of child abuse was associated with several harms, prospectively measured from childhood to adolescence, providing support for the validity of retrospective report-based research. The PPV of ≥ 1 prospectively recorded harm did not differ between depressed (0.58 (0.52, 0.64)) and non-depressed (0.58 (0.55, 0.61)) groups. none) abuse, there was a trend of increasing relative risk ratio with number of harms, from 1.75 (1.50, 2.03) for 1 to 4.68 (3.39, 6.45) for 3/4 childhood harms. 35.6% among others) OR sex-adjusted for poor relationships with parents was 2.98 (2.50, 3.54). Adults retrospectively reporting abuse were more likely to have had harmful childhood environments: 52.4% had ≥ 1 indicator of harm (vs. Prevalence of retrospectively reported abuse ranged from 10.7% (psychological) to 1.60% (sexual) and 14.8% reported ≥ 1 type prospectively recorded harm ranged from 10% (hazardous conditions/poor parent-child relationships) to 20% (anti-social behaviours). PPVs were calculated stratified by adult depression status. We estimated associations between retrospective report of child abuse and prospectively measured harm using (i) odds ratios ( ORs, 95% confidence intervals) and (ii) positive predictive values (PPVs). Prospective data, ages 7–16 years, were obtained for impoverished upbringing, hazardous conditions, anti-social behaviours and 16 years poor parent-child relationships.
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MethodsĪt 45 years, participants of the 1958 British birth cohort ( N = 9308) reported a range of abuse types (by 16 years). We assessed possible recall basis by adult depression status. We aim to determine whether adult retrospective report of child abuse is associated with greater risk of prospectively assessed harmful environments in childhood.